%PDF-1.5 % Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. Where did most black Americans live in 1900? Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. Following the presentations, the teacher may also wish to lead the class in a discussion of the methodology of this activity, asking students to examine the ways in which maps, pictures, and original documents expanded their understanding of the topic. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. Republicans were in control of both the House and Senate, and they gave a ringing endorsement to the amendment and congressional, not presidential, Reconstruction. Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". 124 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<0D0942F02A0E3A4583123BBEFA335B80><310633F8B9553C42B3774455F36DF9D6>]/Index[109 24]/Info 108 0 R/Length 78/Prev 144476/Root 110 0 R/Size 133/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Which plan was the hardest on the South? Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? Segregation of both the official and unofficial variety took root. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. It gave women the right to vote in the United States. _ In this sense Reconstruction failed not because of President Grant or even because of southern opposition to civil rights, but because an entire nation--North, South, and West--lost the political and moral will to support the cause of equality before the law. Southern voters also elected to Congress highranking Confederate officials and officers, some of whom had not received one of the thirteen thousand pardons Johnson issued during the summer of 1865. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service. The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. The federal government pledged larger amounts of financial assistance to the Southern states. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system. Fear of black rule. *SY(u% 9 What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? In addition to racial animosityand possibly a factor that fed into that animosity as it was exploited by demagogueswas the rule of ineffective and inexperienced state and local politicians in the wake of Southern defeat. How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? Sharecropping. f[=v5GS!Q"+x ml\8fzp +l~xZ0&>@U 8!.VUY[ ~A>}et!F2zfJ(9)29v^A4bk`=Nv^OhGEypb6u;Cj=:Ywq1wb)t+BlL;b[n[QO[*+*+!U$w q'YA*O$_gk.0 l4 [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction? Reconstruction in Practice. The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. After reading their assigned document, students should answer the document questions on their worksheet and then proceed to the interactive to answer those questions. In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. Was corruption now any less? many became sharecroppers. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. Though Republicans made quick and huge political gains in the South as newly enfranchised black voters rushed to their support, it was clear that the party and its ideals of peace through racial and sectional harmony on Republican terms remained unpopular with large segments of the populationparticularly with those who were disenfranchised because they could not take the oath or otherwise prove their loyalty to the Union. Blacks were required to either sign labor contracts or face arrest for vagrancy, and they were not allowed to serve on juries or testify in court. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and No. Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau? 414 0 obj <> endobj 436 0 obj <>stream Certainly, there was deep resentment on the part of many white southerners who did not want to accept the idea of racial equality. What was the premise behind the sharecropping model of agriculture? Ex. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. no, although many blacks stopped participating. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. blacks could vote and hold office. Women still could not vote. Upon completing this lesson, students will begin to see the ways in which a political and constitutional crisis emboldened some lasting divisions within American society and, perhaps what is more important, the ways in which the crisis forged a new path for a stronger and more perfect Union. HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible. Workers would be given a modest home, supplies, and a small portion of land to farm for personal use in exchange for also farming the landowners land. bJLA/RO\Hh2cN]J8JUApfGuYB^(YDLsNil/y!0>3LW{0 nPt2==eD>>H5o This show of weakness seemed to set the tone for Grants administration (1869-77) which, though it seemed to offer some promise to restore order and sanity to the South, actually accomplished very little in this realm. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. Only in South Carolina. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? Webshark diving captions; how old is linda olsen global news calgary; commercial property for lease manatee county; woah oh oh oh ohhh song 80s 109 0 obj <> endobj Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. Those who were not eligible for amnesty could appeal for a pardon. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. Who were its members? Once you are finished, click the button below. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. Why of why not? When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. What happened to white small farmers during this time? This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. Resources that rely on Adobe Flash Player are no longer supported. Senators? The teacher may wish to review these documents so as to be able to explain any difficult vocabulary or unfamiliar vernacular. Who was the Republican leader in the House? endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream Previous Essentially repudiating the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the amendment clearly states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. It provides for due process and equal protection under the law. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? But how much really changed? It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? The states were allowed to ignore the Fourteenth Amendment. Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. President Grant undoubtedly played a important role in what was the country's first civil rights movement in some ways, but Reconstruction had its shortcomings. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. Did Congress like the 10% Plan? Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. 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Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. E&GvBQ"RYP F2;~}i,v K_)DR zdh[_/P&ME *8-pmw(j7Qjcmj9~::$x}v8@;aZwO,qo Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in the country and, subsequently, how these attitudes helped or hindered politics upon the conclusion of the Reconstruction era. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p Once each convention's elections were held for governor, state legislators, and members of Congress, the states would be readmitted to the Union. More recent interpretations, however, offer a broader timeline for Reconstruction. Turn in their completed worksheets from Activities 1 and 2 for a grade. What was the congressional response? WebWhat is Reconstruction? Johnson versus Congress. Did Congress do anything about white violence? Select all that apply. The term was used derisively by white Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction legislation. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. With an interactive map that combines statistics with the thoughts and ideas of people living through this difficult period, students will consider the ways in which efforts at recovery were either successful or disappointing. Copy of Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Activity.docx, Karen-Hernandez_Evaluating_Reconstruction_Interactive_Activity, Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.docx, Janmarco Ordonez Romero - Evaluating Reconstruction Interactive Project.pdf, Linh Ho - Reconstruction Notes Questions.docx, Deysha Macrae Reconstruction assignment.docx, HIS 121-W1 Ch. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community, PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS (INFINITIVE VS., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen. What lesson did the Republicans learn from Grant's slim victory? The states were put under the control of military commanders until they ratified the Fourteenth Amendment and rebuilt their state governments. The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. What did Johnson advise the southern states to do about the 14th amendment? It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality?